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AQUIFER CHARACTERISATION AND EVALUATION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY USING GEOELECTRIC METHOD



AQUIFER CHARACTERISATION AND EVALUATION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY
USING GEOELECTRIC METHOD

Womuru, E.N. and Ibim, D.F
Department of Physics,
Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Email: edwinwomuru@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The study is carried out in parts of Port Harcourt L.G.A, Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of twelve (12) vertical electrical sounding locations were occupied using the Schlumberger electrode configuration in the evaluation of the aquifer characteristics and ground water quality in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The study was aimed at characterizing the aquifer in the area as well as assessing its potential risk to contaminant seepage in terms of the aquifer hydraulic properties and protective capacity of the overburden rock materials using Dar zarouk parameters. The results show a lithology that is dominated by sands of various grades with minor delineable intercalating clay/shale impermeable bed. The study area is characterized by low values of the protective capacities Pc, of the overburden rock materials and high aquifer porosities and transmissivities.
The low value of the protective capacities makes the aquifer system in the area highly vulnerable and susceptible to surface contamination. A high porosity and transmissivity value of the aquifer materials signifies highly permeable aquifers with significant storativity, which enhances the migration and circulation of contaminants within the ground water system over large areas. These disclosures are signs that the ground water quality may have been functionally defective (impaired) in the area and borehole water samples should be randomly sampled for contaminant loads based on this analysis.
Key words: Aquifer transmissivity, Dar Zarouk Parameters, Protective capacity, Ground water quality.

INTRODUCTION
Groundwater as the main source of potable water supply for agricultural, industrial, and domestic uses has been under severe stress of deterioration and contamination due to urbanization, industrial and agricultural related activities. The impact of these activities on soil and groundwater is frightening with years of highly destructive effects on humans and the ecosystem. Groundwater is said to be contaminated when it is not fit for the intended purpose and therefore constitute an inconvenience to the user. The high commercial and industrial activities in the area have increased environmental concern in relation to waste production and management and ground water contamination. The unrestricted and random dumping of waste materials on the land surface, landfill and water bodies has placed the groundwater at the risk of being contaminated.

Location Map of the Study Area
The study area lies in Port Harcourt metropolis traced by latitude 4.71670 to 4.8000N and longitude 6.96770 to 7.05000E (Fig. 1). 

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